addAttributeToFilter Conditionals In Magento

addAttributeToFilter is a function that can be called on a product collection in Magento. In short, it adds a condition to the WHERE part of the MySQL query used to extract a product collection from the database.
   
$_products = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->getCollection()
   ->addAttributeToSelect(array('name', 'product_url', 'small_image'))
   ->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('like' => 'UX%'))
    ->load();

The above code would get a product collection, with each product having it's name, url, price and small image loaded in it's data array. The product collection would be filtered and contain only products that have an SKU starting with UX.
addAttributeToFilter Conditionals

Notice above, I used the LIKE operator? There are many more operators in SQL and addAttributeToFilter will accept them all. I include them below as well as a reference for you. Hopefully this will save you some time.
Equals: eq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('status', array('eq' => 1));

Not Equals - neq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('neq' => 'test-product'));

Like - like
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('like' => 'UX%'));

One thing to note about like is that you can include SQL wildcard characters such as the percent sign.
Not Like - nlike

$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('nlike' => 'err-prod%'));

In - in
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('in' => array(1,4,98)));

When using in, the value parameter accepts an array of values.
Not In - nin
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('nin' => array(1,4,98)));

NULL - null
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'null');

Not NULL - notnull
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'notnull');

Greater Than - gt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gt' => 5));

Less Than - lt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lt' => 5));

Greater Than or Equals To- gteq
   
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gteq' => 5));

Less Than or Equals To - lteq

$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lteq' => 5));

addFieldToFilter()
Debugging The SQL Query

There are two ways to debug the query being executed when loading a collection in Magento.
   
// Method 1
Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->getCollection()->load(true);

// Method 2 (Quicker, Recommended)
$collection = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->getCollection();

echo $collection->getSelect();

Both method 1 and method 2 will print out the query but both will do it in slightly different ways. Method 1 prints the query out as well as loading the products while method 2 will just convert the query object to a string (ie. will print out the SQL). The second method is definitely better as it will be executed much quicker but I include them both here for reference.

Filters in Query in Magento

When we are filtering data in Magento, time occurs when we want to fetch result after filters like Not equal, greater than, less than, etc.

The addFieldToFilter method’s second parameter is used for this. It supports an alternate syntax where, instead of passing in a string, you pass in a single element Array.

The key of this array is the type of comparison you want to make. The value associated with that key is the value you want to filter by.

public function testAction()
{
    var_dump(
    (string)
    Mage::getModel('catalog/product')
    ->getCollection()
    ->addFieldToFilter('sku',array('eq'=>'n2610'))
    ->getSelect()
    );        
}

Calling out our filter
   
addFieldToFilter('sku',array('eq'=>'n2610'))

As you can see, the second parameter is a PHP Array. Its key is eq, which stands for equals. The value for this key is n2610, which is the value we’re filtering on

Listed below are all the filters, along with an example of their SQL equivalents.

array("eq"=>'n2610')
WHERE (e.sku = 'n2610')

array("neq"=>'n2610')
WHERE (e.sku != 'n2610')

array("like"=>'n2610')
WHERE (e.sku like 'n2610')

array("nlike"=>'n2610')
WHERE (e.sku not like 'n2610')

array("is"=>'n2610')
WHERE (e.sku is 'n2610')

array("in"=>array('n2610'))
WHERE (e.sku in ('n2610'))

array("nin"=>array('n2610'))
WHERE (e.sku not in ('n2610'))

array("notnull"=>'n2610')
WHERE (e.sku is NOT NULL)

array("null"=>'n2610')
WHERE (e.sku is NULL)

array("gt"=>'n2610')
WHERE (e.sku > 'n2610')

array("lt"=>'n2610')
WHERE (e.sku < 'n2610')

array("gteq"=>'n2610')
WHERE (e.sku >= 'n2610')

array("moreq"=>'n2610') //a weird, second way to do greater than equal
WHERE (e.sku >= 'n2610')

array("lteq"=>'n2610')
WHERE (e.sku <= 'n2610')

array("finset"=>array('n2610'))
WHERE (find_in_set('n2610',e.sku))

array('from'=>'10','to'=>'20')
WHERE e.sku >= '10' and e.sku <= '20'